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The Iranian targeted subsidy plan ((ペルシア語:طرح هدفمندسازی یارانهها)) also known as the subsidy reform plan was passed by the Iranian Parliament on January 5, 2010. The government has described the subsidy plan as the "biggest surgery" to the nation's economy in half a century and "one of the most important undertakings in Iran's recent economic history".〔〔(PressTV: 'Subsidy reforms halt fuel consumption' ). Retrieved December 30, 2010.〕 The goal of the subsidy reform plan is to replace subsidies on food and energy (80% of total) with targeted social assistance, in accordance with a Five Year Economic Development Plan and a move towards free market prices in a 5-year period. The subsidy reform plan is the most important part of a broader Iranian economic reform plan. According to the government, approximately $100 billion per year is spent on subsidizing energy prices ($45 billion for the prices of fuel alone) and many consumable goods including bread, sugar, rice, cooking oil and medicine.〔. Retrieved February 13, 2010.〕 However, some experts believe direct subsidies are about $30 billion, depending on oil prices.〔(Bloomberg: Iran Gasoline Consumption Falls 13% After Government Price Rise ) Retrieved January 9, 2011〕 The subsidy system has been inherited from the Iran-Iraq war era but was never abolished. Iran is one of the largest gasoline consumers in the world, ranking second behind the United States in consumption per car.〔(United States Energy Information Administration: Environmental Issues in Iran (2000) ). Retrieved August 16, 2009.〕 The government subsidy reform has been years in the making for various reasons.〔 Iran's Supreme Leader has backed the government's latest subsidy reform plan.〔(New York times: Supreme Leader in Iran Supports Bid to Cut Subsidies ) Retrieved January 6, 2011〕 ==Objectives== Iran was the largest provider of fuel subsidies in the world by 2009.〔 Many Iranian experts agree that these unsustainable subsidies encourage waste among goods, including in the production sector, ranging from gasoline to bread that must be stopped and the only way to do that is to redirect subsidies. The stated goal of the subsidy reform is "to rejuvenate Iran's economy, increase productivity, give it a new footing and bring it out of the slump it has been in for so long".〔 Concretely, the government plans to replace the subsidies with targeted social assistance. Consequences of the economic reform plan are that Iran will be less vulnerable to US sanctions because it will reduce fuel imports.〔(Tehran Times: Iran gasoline import slump softens sanctions ). Retrieved October 20, 2011.〕〔(The Economist: The regime tightens its belt and its fist ) Retrieved January 17, 2011〕 The reform plan will also save money for the Iranian people because it will end a multi-billion dollar-a-year contraband (17% percent of fuel production in Iran is smuggled abroad daily).〔(Subsidy reform plan saves Iran $6b: minister ). Tehran Times. Retrieved December 5, 2011.〕〔(RAND Corporation: The Rise of the Pasdaran ). Retrieved June 10, 2010.〕 Due to subsidies, Iran had long had one of the cheapest gas prices in the world, 10 cents per liter or 40 cents per gallon.〔 Implementation of the plan will reduce waste and consumerism. In fact, according to official data, the higher income strata of the population has enjoyed the same subsidies as the poor until now.〔 On the other side, subsidies reduction will reduce air pollution by reducing car traffic in Tehran.〔(IMF: Iran to Cut Oil Subsidies in Energy Reform ). Retrieved October 13, 2010.〕 Finally, the subsidy plan will increase social justice through targeted social assistance.〔(Subsidy plan reduces poverty and income disparities in Iran: World Bank ). Tehran Times. Retrieved October 19, 2011.〕 According to official data, the richest decile of households benefits 12 times more from gasoline subsidies than the poorest decile.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran - Country Brief )〕 Overall, implementation of the plan will ''increase'' productivity, efficiency, competitiveness of Iran's economy, economic growth, oil exports and per capita income (all other things being equal).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Targeted Subsidies in Iran )〕〔(Islamic Republic of Iran: IMF Staff Report ) Retrieved March 9, 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iranian subsidy reform plan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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